Essay about Nathaniel Hawthornes Use of Symbolism

Nathaniel Hawthorne is a prominent writer who uses many different elements in his works. He uses elements such as symbolism, figurative language, metaphor, irony and etc. to make his work prominent. In the works by Nathaniel Hawthorne, he uses symbols for secret sin in The Scarlet Letter, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† and â€Å"Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment.† As seen in The Scarlet letter, the symbol for secret sin is the Scarlet letter â€Å"A.† The â€Å"A† represents the sin in which Hester commits adultery with the town’s minister, Dimmesdale. One example of secret sin is when Hester first walks out of prison; for the first time she wore the letter â€Å"A† on her breast to show her crime. The â€Å"A† very well represents her secret sin. Even Dimmesdale curves†¦show more content†¦In addition, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses many symbols in The Scarlet Letter. Moreover, the symbol of secret sin also appears in â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil.† When the people of the town first saw Mr. Hooper wearing the black veil, they were all wondering why he would wear such thing. To Mr. Hooper, the black veil means deceit and sins to those who can not separate themselves from their sins. One example is when he is wearing the black veil to the wedding, and everyone is kind of skeptic about why he is wearing it but in reality, he wore it to remind everyone of their sins. Because of this, people call him evil, and he soon became an outcast. The black veil can also represent his own sin that he committed in the past in which he can never forgive himself. Symbols for secret sin are once again used in Nathanial Hawthorne’s works. Additionally, symbols for serest sin are also use in â€Å"Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment. In this story, Dr. Heidegger’s sin is playing with God because he basically made up a story about the whole Fountain of Youth to his friends. But for him, this is all an experiment because he wants to see how his friends will react to their â€Å"pretend† younger selves, and if they have changed their personality. One example is when they drank the Water of Youth; Dr. Heidegger’s friends became addicted to the water asking for more. Dr. Heidegger is playing â€Å"God† to his friends just for his experiment. Once again, Nathaniel HawthorneShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagesmeaning. Symbolism occurs in everyday ordinary life. One of the most recognizable stories that contain symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different objec t. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"TheRead MoreA Brief Biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne856 Words   |  3 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne once said, â€Å"I do not want to be a doctor and live by men’s diseases, nor minister to live by their sins, nor a lawyer and live by men’s quarrels. So, I don’t see that there is anything left for me but to be an author† (Nathaniel). This statement describes Hawthorne’s personality and life in a way that no other quote could. Nathaniel Hawthorne was an Anti-Transcendentalist writer meaning that he had a negative view of all humans. The Anti-Transcendentalist movement was a pessimisticRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The G reat Gatsby 1416 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Words - so innocent and powerless as they are, as standing in a dictionary, how potent for good and evil they become in the hands of one who knows how to combine them.† A quote said by Nathaniel Hawthorne himself, which employs to anyone and everyone who has the knowledge of combining words to create literature. Hawthorne, born in 1804, in the town of Salem, Massachusetts, the Dark Romanticism author lived with some injuries, such as the death of his father. Yet, the wealth of his uncles helpedRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown from a Moral Standpoint1352 Words   |  6 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts. At the age of four, his father passed away from yellow fever, forcing his family to move in with his uncle. The positively influential Uncle Robert Manning pushed Hawthorne to succeed in school and insisted he go to college. Following his education at Bowdoin College, Hawthorne spent years in isolation masterin g the art of writing. It was during those years when Hawthorne discovered that his ancestors were founders and Puritan leaders of the SalemRead MoreShort Story Analysis: Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne851 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne Introduction Hawthornes short story Young Goodman Brown is a tale of innocence lost. Set in New England during the Puritan era, the protagonist, Goodman Brown, goes for a walk in the woods one night and meets the devil who tells him. Evil is the nature of mankind. Evil must be your only happiness. Welcome again, to the communion of your race. According to Levin this story is a condemnation of the hypocrisy of the puritan ethic. The Salem witch trialsRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1602 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne is an American writer, known for his popular novel, The Scarlet Letter, and his various short stories. Much of his writings are categorized in the dark romanticism genre and centered in the Puritan New England society. His rhetorical style consists mainly of the incorporation of various rhetorical terms, notably imagery and symbolism, and morality, in order to teach the audience a lesson. Hawthorne also uses a similar dark and mysterious tone throughout hi s novels and short storiesRead MoreFiction Essay - Young Goodman Brown and the Lottery1051 Words   |  5 PagesJackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† and Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† reveals that different literary elements, such as tone and setting, are used to convey the characters’ arrival at dark, sinister places. II. INTRODUCTION III. SHIRLEY JACKSON’S â€Å"THE LOTTERY† A. Setting the tone: Peaceful and relaxing B. Irony: Even though the mood is relaxing, there is a premonition of something bad to come C. Ending: The ending is implied IV. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S â€Å"YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN† Read MoreThe Great Author Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne is an author who often uses religion, guilt, and symbolism. He usually uses a lot of descriptions and gives enough information to provide the reader with a visual picture. His mind often turned to matters associated with human judgments on mortality, with guilt and its consequences (Turner). In the novel Hawthorne’s short stories he has a series of stories that have to do with things like suffering, honor, and religion. One good novel that deals with all of these things as wellRead MoreScarlet Letter Criticism704 Words   |  3 PagesIn The Scarlet letter, Nathaniel hawthorne uses his novel as social commentary by depicting the puritan society as a group of hypocritical people who believe in conformity, which ultimately, turns them into a mindless horde. Nathaniel Hawthorne had deep bonds with his Puritan ance stors and created a story that highlighted both their weaknesses and their strengths. His knowledge of their beliefs and his admiration for their strengths were balanced by his concerns for their rigid and cruel rules.TheRead MoreThe Use of Color Symbolism by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesIs it possible for an author to utilize so much symbolism that it captivates the reader to the extent of paralleling the tale with their own life? The principle of symbolism is quite evident in the story by Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. Nathaniel Hawthorn’s work is immersed with symbolism with most of it deriving from his Puritan beliefs. The themes of sin, guilt, innocence, and lust come forth through the uses of color symbolism as well as visual clues. All of these things are

Drug and Alcohol Culture Free Essays

Language Analysis – Alcohol and drug culture in Australia Following the death of Leigh Clark after the circumstances which occurred after he was supplied alcohol by another parent, writer Bruce Guthrie argues in an opinion piece that the law requiring parental approval to supply alcohol could save lives. The second article which supports Guthrie’s contention is a cartoon by Mark Knight, published in the Herald Sun which highlights the public outcry against the call to legalise drugs, where both articles are in favour of changing the law to alter the alcohol and drug culture in Australia. Guthrie employs an anecdote to begin the article which evokes compassion in the reader who responds emotionally to the plight of Bruce Clark who lost his son to an alcohol related event after a party where he was supplied drinks without his parent’s permission. We will write a custom essay sample on Drug and Alcohol Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The phrase ‘fatal binge drinking episode’ effectively positions the reader to respond negatively to the event as the terms have negative associations and are intended to evoke a strong emotional response in the reader. Guthrie personalises the issue for the reader when he places the matter into his own experience, ‘as a parent of two teenagers, one of drinking age’ which persuades the reader as it suggests that the contention comes from a personal involvement in the issue, rather than merely from readings. The successful rebuttal of the shadow minister for consumer protection further persuades the reader, â€Å"Nothing could be simpler†, as it is stated in an assertive fashion and appears conclusive. The image which accompanies the article effectively supports the contention by providing visuals that reinforce the notion of irresponsibility, which Guthrie has concluded in the article. The idea is shown graphically in the image through the positioning of the parents lying drunk underneath a table and their child who uses a parent for leverage to reach a bottle of alcohol on the table. The focus of the image is on the bottle, and the child is shown straining to get alcohol, which evokes concern in the reader. The confronting nature of the image is intended to raise alarm and effectively supports the point of view that Guthrie supplies in the article. The alarmist tone of the image predisposes the reader to accept Guthrie’s contention, as the reader’s attention is likely to be drawn to the image before they read Guthrie’s article. On the other hand, Knight’s cartoon expresses concern about the drug culture that is the subject of much media debate. The caption which accompanies the cartoon, ‘The public outcry against the call to legalise drugs’ effectively conveys Knight’s contention that legislation should be introduced to legalise drugs. The term ‘outcry’ is effective as it suggests that the opposing point of view is based on emotion and hysteria. Knight employs the stereotype of the bikie gang to raise alarm in the reader who is likely to recall from the exaggerated figures in the foreground. The figures are intentionally confronting and the caption ‘Outlaw Motorcycle Gang’ on the back of the jacket of one figure encourages the reader to draw associations between the figures and the violence which has recently been widely reported in the media. The figure holding the placard is distanced to suggest that his voice is marginalised. The reader is lead to infer that those who are in favour of legalising drugs are shouted down by the violent majority like the unattractive figures in the foreground of the cartoon. The fact that these figures are shady and obviously involved in illegal activities is intended to position the reader to side with the cartoonist and therefore those who support legalisation. The caption ‘A lot of people would be harmed by the look of things’ is sarcastic and is intended to lead the reader to the point of view through revealing that these shady characters would be the ultimate victims of legislation. The reader is likely to feel vindicated by the idea that such unseemly characters will be removed as a threat to common decency is drugs were legalised. Both articles effectively persuade the reader that there is some urgency in the issue of our increasing tendency to embrace a drug and alcohol culture. Concluding with an assertion ‘maybe it will for someone else’, Guthrie leaves the reader feeling that there is a solution to the issue which needs to be embraced. Knight’s cartoon uses visual language to effectively raise alarm in the reader, leaving them feeling that, given the unsavoury nature of the characters who benefit from the drug trade, not enough is being done to convince the public of the urgent need to immediately legalise drugs, which he has so effectively positioned his readers to believe. How to cite Drug and Alcohol Culture, Papers

Effects of the French and Indian War free essay sample

The French and Indian War had a lasting effect on the relationship between Great Britain and the British Colonies which led to the American Revolution. Firstly, before the French and Indian war, the thirteen colonies were mutual colonies who distrusted each other. Each colony had its own entity and no quarrel with another colony. The French and Indian War brought the thirteen colonies together fostered a relationship of trust between them. This relationship showed them that individually they were weak but together they were powerful, there was not a thing that they could not overcome.Secondly, after the war the British were depleted of funds. Going into the war they were under the impression that the colonies would be able to help more than what they actually did. This angered the British and they realized that the period of salutary neglect was over. The British were now going to become hands on with the colonies and rule them with an iron fist to build up their funds again. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of the French and Indian War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The British imposed a series of tax acts such as the Sugar and Stamp Acts to help build up their funds again. In addition to the tax acts, the British created a royal proclamation that no one would explore west of the line drawn in parliament on the Allegheny Mountains into the newly opened up land abandoned by the French. This again angered the colonists who were quickly becoming overcrowded in the thirteen colonies. To enforce this proclamation, the crown sent over British troops who were there to remind the colonists of who was in charge. The troops enforced the King’s rulings and oppressed the colonists.In conclusion, the aftermath of the French and Indian War created a bad relationship between the colonies and Great Britain. The aftermaths of the French and Indian War created unity between the thirteen colonies and many Acts and Proclamations by Parliament to help repay the depleted funds of England.

The Revolution In Cuba Was Not A Result Of Economic Deprivation, Nor B

The revolution in Cuba was not a result of economic deprivation, nor because of high expectations in the economy, it was the political factors and expectations which evoked the civilians to revolt. The Cuban economy was moving forward at the time before the rebellion but the dominant influence of the sugar industry made the economy "assymetrical" and encouraged no "dynamic industrial sector". Because of the dependance on sugar, the unemployment rate ranged between 16 and 20% rising and falling with sugar prices, ebbing and flowing as the season changed. The rural wage levels were incredibly unsteady and unpredictable; the standard of living was low. Dependance on the sugar industry did not retard the economy of Cuba, just the wages of its workers. It was the leaders of the nation who reaped profit from this dependance, and it was the leaders of the nation who insisted on keeping the nation the way it was. By the mid 1950's, however, the middle class had expanded to 33% of the population. Democracy, as we know it, broke down: the large middle class did not assert democratic leadership, there was no social militancy in the working class ranks, and the people found order preferable to disarray. Batista could no longer legitimize his regime . Failure in the elections of 1954 showed the discontent of the people, and failure in communications with the United States illustrated its discontent. Finally, opposing forces confronted Batista's power: there were street protests, confrontations with the police, assault, sabotage, and urban violence. This began the revolution in Cuba. ? America, with its stubborn ideas and misjudgements of character, forced Castro to turn to the Soviets for alliance and aid. When Castro visited the United States in April, 1959, there were different respected individuals holding different views of him and his future actions. Nixon believed Castro to be naive, some others thought him a welcome change from Batista, still others called him an "immature but effective leader, without a well formed view of how to lead a revolutionary movement and not overly concerned with abstract of philosophical matters" (p. 55). Why, then, did the United States impress nit-picky ideals like "there should not be communists in the Army or in labor", or "Cuba's approach to the Batista trials is totally unacceptable, too casual, too nonchalant" on this "forming" leader? Castro was like an inexperienced murderer with a gun in his hand: any rustle in the background could set off his nervous trigger finger causing death, destruction, and liaisons with the U.S.S.R. When America expressed dislike of the trial procedures Castro was holding, of course he (Castro) would try to prove he was able to run his country by himself and snub the U.S. ambassador. The United States had so much invested in Cuba that it was stupid to think that Cuba could not retaliate when the U.S. cut off sugar imports. America was just too sure of itself thinking it could get away with criticism and acts like that when an "immature" leader was in control. Cuba was not totally dependant on the United States and proved itself so. If Cuba could not find help and support in America, it sought elsewhere for those who smiled on its actions and ideals. Castro found friends in Russia; the United States made this so. ? Succeeding and failing have alot to do with judgement. For the United States, the revolution was a failure because the result was a communist nation in the Carribean. For the revolutionarie s in Cuba, the revolution accomplished many of their goals: capitalism was abolished and socialism installed eroding class distinctions and eliminating private property, the working conditions improved, women's rights improved, labor unions were recogniz ed, the military became more modern and advanced, political order was restored, the status of the country improved from dependant to independant, and many more. For the people of Cuba, therefore, the revolution can be viewed as a success (if communism ca n be seen as acceptable), but for America, the result was a failure. ? Latin America is one of the poorest and underdeveloped sections of the world. Because of this fact, it is difficult for its nations to compete and thrive in the world market with modern nations as they struggle to industrialize and improve their status. Capitalism, as a basis for an economy, means that each man has to struggle to make a living, that each man may fail and starve, and that each man may get a lucky break and thrive. We saw this struggle of the lower classes clearly in Mexico during their industrialization. With communism, a man

Major and Minor Moods in English Grammar

Major and Minor Moods in English Grammar In English grammar, mood is the quality of a verb that conveys the writers attitude toward a subject. It is also known as mode and modality. In traditional grammar, there are three major moods: The indicative mood is used to make factual statements (the  declarative)  or pose questions, such as the interrogative.The imperative mood is used to express a request or command.The (comparatively rare) subjunctive mood  is used to show a wish, doubt, or anything else contrary to fact. In addition, there are several minor moods in English. Major Moods in English The indicative mood is the  form of the verb used in ordinary statements: stating a fact, expressing an opinion, or asking a question. The  majority of English sentences are in the indicative mood.  It is also called (primarily in  19th-century grammar) indicative mode. An example would be this quote from writer, actor, and director Woody Allen: Life is full of misery, loneliness, and suffering- and its all over much too soon. Here, Allen is expressing a statement of fact (at least in his interpretation). The word is shows that he is stating a fact as he sees it. The imperative mood, by contrast, is the form of the  verb  that makes direct commands and requests, such as Sit  still and Count  your blessings. Another example would be this famous quote from President John F. Kennedy: Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country. In this sentence, Kennedy was essentially giving a command to the American people. The  subjunctive mood expresses wishes, stipulates demands, or makes statements contrary to fact, such as this line from the play, Fiddler on the Roof: If I were rich, Id have the time that I lack. In this sentence, Tevye, the main character, is expressing that he would have more time if he were rich (which, of course, he is not). Minor Moods in English In addition to the three major moods of English, there are also minor moods. A. Akmajian, R. Demers, A. Farmer, and R. Harnish, explain in Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication that minor moods are usually peripheral to communication, infrequently used, and vary widely. One of the more common minor moods is a tag, a sentence, question, or declaration added to a declarative sentence. These include: Tag declarative: Youve been drinking again, havent you.Tag imperative: Leave the room, will you! Other examples of minor moods are: Pseudo-imperative: Move or Ill shoot!Alternative question: a type of question (or interrogative) that offers the listener a closed choice between two or more answers: Does John resemble his father or his mother? (In this sentence, there is a rising intonation on father and falling intonation on mother.)Exclamative: a sudden, forceful expression or cry.  What a nice day!Optative: a  category of grammatical mood  that expresses a wish, hope, or desire,  May he rest in peace.One more sentence: One more beer and Ill leave.Curse:  a pronouncement of ill fortune. You are a pig!

Cause And Effects Of Smog Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

Cause And Effects Of Smog Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay Smog pollution is a major problem that this planet is suffering from everyday. It has affected our homes, weather, and health. It is a very dangerous situation for us if we do not do anything about it. Smog pollution is caused by chemicals, automobiles, factories and corporations. The greatest thing we can do as a society is try to find a way to help prevent and stop smog pollution. If the people on this planet do not do anything to stop smog pollution we are going to have a BIG problem and it will hurt us in the future. We need a plan and we need to put a stop to smog pollution. The American Lung Association (ALA) has been trying to find ways to help stop and prevent smog pollution from hurting us and the environment. If we can just do our part and find a way to prevent this problem from getting any bigger, it will benefit us all. We all have heard of smog pollution, but do we really know what it is. Smog pollution has many causes that can be hazardous and dangerous to our health a nd well being. The term smog pollution is also known as photochemical smog. It is formed by the interaction with sunlight with different types of chemicals in earth’s atmosphere (Oblack). The main component of smog pollution or photochemical pollution is ozone. Ozone is in the earth’s stratosphere, which the shields the earth from dangerous UV radiation from the sun. The problem with ozone is when it touches down on the earth’s surface it can be very dangerous and can cause serious health problems for people on the planet (Oblack). The ground level ozone is made by the emissions of automobiles that put nitrogen oxide into the air, which is caused by the vehicle’s exhaust fumes (Oblack). The organic components from the fumes combined with the ozone and fume evaporation that combines with sunlight, causes smog pollution on the planet (Oblack). Many people try to find ways to help avoid smog in a more planet friendly environment, so some people use substitut es for their everyday use. There is just one problem with that, and that is the sun. Many people don’t understand that sunlight and warm climates cause pollution. For example, places like California, Florida, and Arizona and even North America are some of the most polluted places in the country (Oblack). Another problem that causes an increase in smog pollution is the increased usage of fossil fuels for industrial, heating, and of course transportation purposes (â€Å"All that smog†). Also, cutting down, burning trees, and disposing of agricultural and organic waste can also lead to emissions of smog pollution and harmful problems for the planet (â€Å"All that Smog†). Sunlight mixed with different types of dangerous chemicals (secondary pollution) also makes it difficult to stop smog pollution from occurring on the surface of the planet (â€Å"All that Smog†), which creates another big problem. Climate is a major factor for the cause of smog pollution. M any places in the world can try to be more environmental friendly to help save our planet. Some people ride bicycles instead of driving cars. Other people try to reduce their use of using fire to warm themselves. The only problem that these people cannot get away from is something that they cannot control, and that is the sun. California is ranked in the top 10 most polluted areas in the United States. Ozone pollution that is caused by the sun has a major affect on this planet. Smog and air pollution is having a serious impact on the environment and can condemn all ecosystems (â€Å"seirraclub†). The reason why the sun causes so many problems is because the ozone layer that is supposed to protect planet earth is practically destroyed. Without the protection, the sun is able to shine radiation onto the planet and is the main reason for many health issues that people go through every day. Issues like skin cancer, radiation poisoning, and sun burn are having fatal affects on peo ple. This type of pollution not only harms humans, but it can also harm wild life and the environment. Smog can harm different plants, which can lead to damaging consequences. Because the plants are damaged, it makes it hard for plants to make and save food for themselves in their living environment (â€Å"seirraclub†). In addition, the sun and smog can destroy leaves and plants it would make many of the plants vulnerable to getting diseases. And, they cannot defend themselves from different types of bugs and insects that can cause a huge decrease in plant life (â€Å"seirraclub†). Smog pollution is a yearly problem for places like Texas, Georgia, Florida, and many other southern and sunny parts of the world, but there is also a big increase in smog pollution in the summer (â€Å"seirraclub†). This is caused by strong sunlight that burns the earth’s surface. However, the one thing that is helping smog pollution is all of the problems that are on this plan et. All of the power plants, automobile emissions, industrial, and chemical vapors are other causes of pollution (â€Å"seirraclub†). Climate changes are part of the problem as well. Within the months of June, July, and August, it makes it harder to try and control the smog pollution, due to the sun. This planet has gone through billions of years of evolution. It survived dinosaurs, the ice age, and the black plague, but because of smog pollution this planet might not be able to survive this new attack.

How has the solicitor's regulation changed in the UK Essay

How has the solicitor's regulation changed in the UK - Essay Example In this paper, a position is taken that the most effective form of change to regulation relating to solicitors can only achieve its intended purposes if the changes are comprehensive and holistic enough. In the light of this, changes that have taken place over the years by way of training system as well as regulatory structure governing solicitors are all subjected to critical review. There will also be a special review of the Human Rights Act 1998 to examine how it has impacted on the regulation of solicitors. The issue of self-regulation by the solicitors’ profession will also be reviewed. Training and ethics are two important phenomena in ensuring quality standard of practice by solicitors everywhere across the globe (Cooper, 2013). This is because through training, prospective lawyers are given the kind of education and professional nurturing, needed to ensure that they go about their duties as exceptional professionals. Meanwhile, a person’s individual ethical standards can also be a determining factor as to whether or not the person would heed to training instructions and practice professionally (Boon, 2014). To reconcile these two positions therefore, it is important that the training system for solicitors in UK will be structured in a way that ensures that only people who can be deemed as ethical individuals are admitted. Indeed many have questioned the importance of ensuring that admission for training for solicitors is based on only people who can be considered as ethical individuals. In response to this, Case (2013) observed that the law profession is a highly sensitive one, requiring strong and high standards of practice to ensure that a practitioner will hold fast to doing what is right. What this means is that lawyers have a lot of discretion in their practice as far as their actions are based on law. For this reason, it is

Development of Management and Education in Nursing Practice Dissertation

Development of Management and Education in Nursing Practice - Dissertation Example Two specialised assignments afforded me such opportunities. The first involved preparing and delivering a Teaching Session to my peers on a topic of clinical interest that related to my work at the trust. After the session I analysed both the content and the process of the Teaching Session. The second assignment involved interviewing a Lead Health Professional in an area related to the topic of the Teaching Session. Afterwards I assessed and reviewed the interview as a function of local and national health care policies such as Clinical Governance and for the subject matter discussed. The topic of both my Teaching Session and the interview with the Lead Health Professional related to controlling the transmission of MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). MRSA infection and control is a significant public health threat in the UK, a topic of which students should be aware, and one about which senior leaders have much to say. I became interested in the topic during my placement at a trust in London. Since then have maintained a keen eye for mention of it in the media and, as discussed in Part II of the Portfolio, have decided to take action to try to get my trust to implement one of the particularly significant MRSA control programmes. The Portfolio is divided into two parts, plus Appendices. Each part is a comprehensive assessment and analytic essay, complete with a References section with more than 15 references per essay.For ease of evaluation, the References for Part One immediately follow the essay for Part One., rather than being presented in a consolidated reference section at the end of the entire portfolio as in standard for essays and research projects. The Portfolio's two parts, Summary, and Appendices include: Part One - Evaluation of a Teaching Session Part Two - Assessment of an Interview with a Lead Health Professional Portfolio Summary Appendix A - Interview Record Appendix B - Notes and Details of the Interview with the Secretary General of the Royal College of Nursing As evidenced in each essay individually, and my summary comments, the Portfolio project had a significant impact on my perception of nursing, and of myself as a nurse. Fortunately, it was all positive and certainly helped me grow. Part One - Reflections on a Teaching Session The Teaching Session provided me an opportunity both to teach and to learn. Although I was the teacher as I presented the material to the students, I also learned a lot, about teaching, about my chosen topic, and about myself as I took on a previously unfamiliar role. This essay, a critical reflection on the many aspects of the Teaching Session experience, is divided into seven parts: Rationale Planning Preparation Delivery Evaluation/Feedback Action Plan for the Future Whilst I thing the Teaching Session went well, it also heightened my awareness of ways I can be a more effective teacher, to one person or a hundred. Rationale During clinical practice, I noticed that infection control standards, especially staff hand washing techniques following care for patients with MRSA, were inconsistent. Standards were not evidence-based, likely not reflecting best practices. Given the importance of proper hand washing techniques in arresting MRSA transmission, I decided MRSA and proper hand washing techniques would be the topic of my Teaching Session. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a form of the Staphylococcus aureus organism resistant to commonly used antibiotics (About MRSA: What is MRSA). As Eaton (2005) notes, hand

Come in-Ahhh Merciii Essay Example for Free

Come in-Ahhh Merciii Essay Scene V, Blanche: Come in-Ahhh Merciii Discuss this extract in relation to the rest of the text paying attention to structure, form and use of language. The ending section of scene five of Tennessee Williamss play A Streetcar Named Desire has provoked much confusion and debate as to the writers motives in regards to the portrayal of Blanche. One school of thought on the matter is that, in spite of the fact that Williams largely based the character of Blanche upon himself his primary aim in the play is to punish her for her failure to show empathy towards her homosexual husband Allan. Williams was of course a homosexual himself, living in a largely homophobic world where gayness was not a talked about subject. He often brought the issue up in his other works such as Cat on a Hot Tin Roof where the characters Brick and Skipper and both portrayed as possible homosexuals. Blanches lack of empathy and compassion are highlighted once again in this extract when she totally fails to take into account the feelings of a second young man, and instead uses him to live out her fantasies of desire for her late husband. During the exchange between Blanche and the young man she is portrayed as seductive and dominant I want to kiss you making it clear that she is the one initiating the situation, this is a dramatic contrast to her normal persona around other men such as Mitch and Stanley where she makes herself out to be both innocent and pure. This extract is one of the places where her illusion starts to slip and her past actions are hinted at to the audience. Blanches reaction to you young mans mention of cherry soda you make my mouth water has a strong sexually reference, a cherry being a metaphor for virginity, which probably only Blanche is aware of. This shows that she is simply playing games with the young man using him for her own enjoyment. In the next scene Blanche treats Mitch in a very similar way, after discovering that he does not speak French she says Voulez-vous couches avec mo ice soir? meaning would you like to sleep with me this evening? which is the call of a French prostitute. The lack of consideration that Blanche shows towards both men and the way she appears to be using them both (The young man for a thrill and Mitch for security) hints not only towards the fact that in the past she has sought remedies for her loneliness with strangers but also supports the metaphor presented later in the play of Blanche being a tarantula trapping her victims in a web of illusions Yes a big spider! Thats where I brought my victims. Another example of how Williams is using this scene to condemn Blanches can be found by looking at the actions of the young man. During the scene he speaks nervously and makes frequent glances towards the door portraying his wish to escape form Blanches and making it obvious that he is uncomfortable with the situation. Well Id better be-. When describing the young man Blanche repeatedly uses the word young and also calls him lamb, this not only enforces his youth to the audience but also the fact that Blanche is aware of how much younger than her he is. The final and perhaps most damming piece of evidence towards Blanche is her reaction towards Mitch at the end of the scene, where, having just kissed a young boy she greets the man she is hoping to marry with open arms, reverting back to her old illusion of purity. This shows her as uncaring and manipulative towards both parties, in the she takes on the roll of two completely different people to get what she wants. It also presents a hint that Blanche is lying about her sexual history. Blanches actions in this extract could also be seen as an example of deliberate cruelty, in so far as she is willing to take advantage of a confused and reluctant young man just for her own pleasure. Blanche has of cores been guilty of deliberate cruelty in her past when she spoke of her revulsion towards Allan I know. I saw. You disgust me. leading to his suicide. Deliberate cruelty is something that Blanche states that she despises and has Never been guilty off making her seam rather hypocritical. Some might argue in fact that Williams is in fact using this extract to elicit the audiences pity towards Blanche as opposed to their condemnation. Throughout the play reference has been frequently made to Blanches declining mental state, such as when Stanley takes the letters written by Allan away from her and she becomes hysterical. Williams gently reminds the audience of this in numerous ways throughout the extract. For a start, in reference to the lighter Blanche uses the word Temperamental, which is a very unusual description and probably intended to reflect upon her mental state. During the later part of the scene the convocation is accompanied by the Blue Piano, a recurring sign of Blanches guilt, misery and mental declination. It features at many points in the play, usually during periods of anguish for Blanche such as when she is reminiscing about the loss of Bell Reve to Stella. Blanches crumbling mental state is not helped by her alcoholism, another one of Williamss personality traits that feature throughout his plays, such as with Brick in Cat on a hot tin Roof. Although Blanche isnt actually drinking in this extract the audience knows that she has drunk earlier in the scene a shot never does a coke any harm and are shown how drink can make people do things be the actions of the drunken Negro woman just before the young man arrives. The negro woman cackling hysterically, swaying drunkenly comes around the corner. Williams may also have been trying to make the audience sympathise with Blanches paranoia about her appearance and desperation to feel young again. Earlier is the scene the audience sees Blanche looking in the mirror she is later to smash, showing emphasising her fragility about her looks. She also talked to Stella about her fading appearance I Im fading now. The audience has also been privy to Blanches hatred of light I cant stand a naked light bulb and her need to hear positive remarks about her appearance I was fishing for a compliment Stanley. Another factor that must be considered is that previously in the scene Stanley has begun to tear down the illusions Blanche weaves to protect herself be hinting that he knows about her past actions (Again hinting that Blanche is lying about her past) Shaw is under the impression that he met you in Loral leaving her exposed and in a state of hysteric shock shown by her frequent pauses in sentences and trembling her hand shakes so it almost slips form the glass. Perhaps the most likely explanation for this why this scene seems to show Blanche is two contradictory lights however is that Williams is deliberately leaving it ambiguous, allowing the audience to decide upon their own feelings towards Blanche, and that the true purpose of this scene is to prefigure the revelations about Blanches past, particularly her relationship with the 17 year old boy that lost her her job.

Jaques Louis David Essay -- Art History Neo-Classical

1. Introduction Set on a stage of revolution and Enlightenment, the Neo-Classical period presents a broad and interesting topic. Jacques Louis David was the first political painter, and a true revolutionary, but one cannot disengage his art work from the social and political systems of the period. Therefore, this essay will present an overview of the social context and systems of Pre Revolution France, Neoclassicism and how David’s work was influenced by it and how his work influenced it. Also important to note are the art work that influenced Neoclassicism. 2. Social and Artistic Climate in the 18th Century 2.1. Neoclassicism Neoclassicism refers to the style of painting, sculpture, decorative arts and architecture used from about 1773. Neoclassicism was, at first a reaction to the â€Å"triviality† of the Rococo style, which was seen as selfish, decadent and with no regard for society. Throughout the seventeenth century, and during the Rococo period, the French Academy promoted a more classical style. It was because of this that French artists of the late eighteenth century accepted the New Classicism that was to be the next popular style. The Neo-classical period was influenced by two major features: The first was the heavy influence of Nicolas Poussin (1593/4 – 1665). Cardinal Barberini commissioned Poussin to make drawings of all the classical art and architecture he could find, which had a great impact on his subsequent work. His work was ordered and idealised, he did not, â€Å"record nature as he found it, but instead organised natural elements and figures into idealised compositions† (Stockstad and Cateforis: 784). An example of his classically arranged Landscape is Landscape with Saint John on Patmos (1640, Oil ... .... Simplicity and soberness of the composition allowed David to create a sense of martyrdom and spirituality in the face of the dead man. While there is a definite Neo-Classical (Poussinesque) influence on this painting, it bares a striking resemblance to the Baroque painting by Zurbaran entitled Saint Serapion (1628, Oil on canvas). David was in full control of the art of France by this stage. 5. Conclusion From conformist to revolutionary, David dominated the face of art during the Neo-classical period and for many years after. His extensive teaching network perpetuated his ideals and values into many students who continued in his line. David personally trained many of the important artists that emerged in the early 1800’s. His authority is evident in The portrait of Jean-Baptiste Belley (1797, Oil on canvas), by Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson, one of his pupils.

The Impact Listening Skills to Self-Disclosure In A Marital and Romantic Relationship

Relationships are strengthened by good communication. There are many aspects of communication that ultimately affect the quality of one’s relationships. It is of interest that we discover the impact of a certain communication skill on relationships. This essay also deals with the effect of listening skills on the quality of marital and mature man-woman relationships. Having all other factors constant this essay deals only with the effect of listening skills on the relationship quality of the individuals in a marital and romantic relationship.The settings for each relationship is unique therefore the degree of communication skill needed for the relationship varies. Before going into the details, we must first define the factors involved in the relationships mentioned. These factors are: the listening skills of the individuals involved in a marital and romantic relationship. As Pickering (1981) notes, listening skills are of the most important communication skills needed, to hav e a good relationship. Next is the relationship quality which is defined as the value or worth of the relationship (Mie, 2005).Lastly, relationship, a term that widens in scope as people wander to different aspects of interpersonal relationships, is taken into consideration (Zuroff & Neil, 1999). The researcher chose to focus on two similar relationship settings, which are the marital and mature man-woman romantic relationship. Hence, this essay focuses on the evidences that prove the positive impact of good listening skills on the practice of self-disclosure of the individuals in a marital and romantic relationship. Impact 3 Listening Skills Studies show that the impact of communication, specifically listening skills in relationships is immense.One must chose the right communication tool to improve ones relationships. Studies show that people who influence us are those who are active listeners (Pickering 1981). A study was done comparing the difference between couples who undergo c ommunication program and those who didn’t. Results showed that those who undergo the communication program to enhance their communication skills have a higher tendency of success in their relationships in the long run compared to those who did not undergo the program (Yalcin & Karahan, 2007).One of the most important aspects of communication is the listening skills. According to White (2006), good communicators are emphatic listeners who apply effective listening in relationships. Individuals in the relationships should be good communicators. There is a difference between hearing and listening. Hearing only deals with the physical processes as one hears sounds from the environment, while listening engages the individual to empathize with the speaker in terms of the emotions and opinions behind the words spoken.Shepherd (2007) notes that most of the marriage failures happen because of the lack of communication. We can attribute the lack of communication also with the lack of l istening skills in the relationship. Programs to improve communication between individuals in relationships, especially marital relationships, exist to help couples improve their relationship by increasing their communication skills. These programs prove to be helpful in terms of the self-disclosure that happens between individuals in relationships thus the relationship develops (Riesch, et al, 2003). Impact 4Relationship Quality Quality in this context means the satisfaction or value of the relationship which is translated as the openness of the persons involved in the relationship. The increase of value the individuals give to others the relationship improve the quality of their relationship. Studies confirm that relationships increase in value as the individuals in it improve their communication skills (Yalcin & Karahan, 2007). Self-disclosure is in effect one of the aspects that determine relationship quality, in this context- in the marital and romantic relationship.Dion (1998) , conducted a study showing that people who are secure in their relationships, practicing higher self-disclosure with other individuals, have higher relationship satisfaction as compared to those who are insecure or those who lack close communication, self-disclosure with their partners. This study tells us that self-disclosure does not only improve the relationship of the individuals per se, but also improves ones self-image. This can be seen when self-disclosure is practiced and individuals in the relationship affirms the other, thus improving ones self-image and improved communication in the relationship.Mie (2005) further asserted that self-disclosure is also defined as willingness of persons to confide or be open to other individuals. It can then be acknowledged that good self-disclosure in a relationship increases its value, and improves ones self-image in the relationship. And in relations this, listening skills are clearly needed to have good self-disclosure. As self-disclos ure deals with the openness of individuals in a relationship, listening skills are needed to have effective self-disclosure between individuals.Self-disclosure is thus, one of the most important factors affecting the quality of close relationships (Levinger & Rands, 1985). Impact 5 Relationships There are many aspects that may affect relationships. The relationships taken into consideration in this essay are the marital and romantic relationship. Studies show that relationship between parents or couples is one of the most important factors that improve the relationship of the family as a whole, thus the first influence that affects the family relationship is the parents (Riesch, et al, 2003).The relationship between the husband and wife will greatly determine the relationship established in the family. It is crucial for the parents to have a solid, healthy relationship, with the assumption that they have children in the family. Parrott (1995) stated that couples who listen intently at each others opinions and ideas will strengthen the relationship. The more couples practice listening, self-disclosure is easier therefore the relationship will grow (Jorgensen & Gaudy1980).In Parrott’s book, a couple cited tips on how to develop relationship with one another- this was to actively listen to each other. As mentioned above hearing and listening are different concepts. Listening must be practiced in relationships for it to develop. In the romantic relationship between a male and a female, the factors that affect their relationship are somehow similar to that of a marital relationship. The difference may be with the external factors of the relationship.Marital relationships involve external influences: such as conjugal responsibilities of their direct family, financial factors, and others. Zuroff & Duncan (1999) conducted a study about the effect of self-disclosure in college students in romantic relationships, and found out that they are largely influenced by their peers, and unpredictable emotions cause them to easily change their minds about relationships. Thus in this type of relationship, there is a greater need to apply listening skills, to improve the quality of their relationships. Impact 6The same principles of listening skills can be applied for both marital and adult man-woman romantic relationship, to directly improve their self-disclosure and their relationship as a whole. There are many benefits for a healthy relationship between couples and romantic relationships alike. A study even shows how good relationship affects the physiological well-being of the persons in the relationship (Yalcin & Karahan, 2007). Conclusion We have already established the importance of communication skills and its direct effect on relationship quality in marital and romantic relationships as have been mentioned in this essay.Evidences were given to prove the importance of these factors in relation to the marital and adult man-woman romantic relati onships. Based on the studies shown, communication skills, specifically listening skills, have a direct relationship with the quality of the marital and romantic relationship, where as the listening skills improve, so does the practice of self-disclosure in the said relationships. We can also conclude that increased self-disclosure in a relationship improves its value, therefore the relationship develops.Self-disclosure also has positive effects on the individual practicing it, where self-image can be improved compared to those who don’t practice it. Thus, self-disclosure affects not only the relationship at large, but also the individuals practicing it in the relationship. Lastly, relationships in the marital and romantic settings are different in external influences but similar in the need for effective listening skills that causes good self-disclosure in the relationship.

Ict And Science As A National Curriculum Subjects Education Essay

In linguistic communication, literacy and communicating kids will be able to speak with assurance, sing vocals, be able to compose and read some words. The counsel believes that larning in this country involves â€Å" communicating, speech production and listening in different state of affairss and for different intents, being read a broad scope of books and reading simple texts and composing for a assortment of intents † . hypertext transfer protocol: //www.preschool.me.uk/goals.php In Mathematical development kids will larn math throughout games and narratives and they will be more comfy with Numberss. Harmonizing to foundation phase counsel, larning in mathematical development country is made up of â€Å" numeration, screening, fiting, seeking forms, doing connexions, recognizing relationships and working with Numberss, forms, infinite and measuring † hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thevillaschoolandnursery.co.uk/school2.htm In Physical development kids will go more skilled at motor and motion of their organic structure. Furthermore, in originative development kids will detect colorss, texture and forms and making things such as doing music. Science contains grasp and cognition of the universe ‘s part in the early twelvemonth foundation stage.A Harmonizing to foundation phase counsel this learning country must include â€Å" activities based on first manus experiences that encourage geographic expedition, observation job resolution, anticipation, critical thought, determination devising and treatment † hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thevillaschoolandnursery.co.uk/school2.htm The mathematical, scientific discipline and linguistic communication development countries will so be sorted into early larning aims in order to warrant that what the bulk of kids are expected to achieve at the terminal of the foundation phase The course of study support is designed â€Å" to assist practicians plan to run into the diverse demands of all kids so that most will accomplish and some, where appropriate, will travel beyond the early acquisition ends by the terminal of the foundation phase † . ( Tassoni, P 2005 ) In the early twelvemonth foundation phase, the practician ‘s chief function is to promote kids to larn and accomplish independency, they must plan important activities and need do certain that every spot of activities are comprehensive to all children.A Acoording to Macleod-Brudenell, ( 2004 ) , everybody has to be included in the planning and work together. Parents/ practicians must often acquire together and discourse to convey up to day of the month every kid ‘s profile in order to give a distinguished and efficient course of study to run into the assorted demands of immature individuals.National course of studyThe Curriculum counsel which links to the instruction period that shortly follows after the Foundation phase is the National Curriculum. The National Curriculum is aimed at kids from the age of 5 to 16. It was foremost set up late in 1988 for primary and secondary schools. To get down with, the National Curriculum is a design used by all schools that are run by the authorities in England, its end is to attest that acquisition and instruction is well-balanced and dependable across the state. The standard of the National Curriculum is puting out topics that are traveling to be taught within schools, the rules or achiev ement marks in every topic are what instructors use to estimate the kid ‘s betterment, and the methods in which a kid ‘s advancement is assessed is through studies. At cardinal phases 1 and 2 in the national course of study the statutory topics that every pupils should analyze are design and engineering, information and communicating engineering, art and design, history, English, geographics, physical instruction, , mathematics, scientific discipline, Religious instruction and music. However, Science, Maths and English are considered as the National Curriculum ‘s chief topics. The map of the Foundation phase Curriculum is support for the National Curriculum in the countries within the Foundation phase Guidance communicating, literacy, linguistic communication, mathematical sweetening, general cognition and a good apprehension of the universe. These are all in line with the aims inside the model for learning maths, literacy and scientific discipline at degree 1 of the National Curriculum. hypertext transfer protocol: //curriculum.qcda.gov.uk/key-stages-1-and-2/Difference in EYFS and national course of studyHarmonizing to Macleod-Brudenell, ( 2004 ) , the early twelvemonth foundation phase concentrates on the procedure led theoretical account, nevertheless the National Curriculum concentrates on the Content Led theoretical account in order to promote kids to take an effectual duty in society every bit good as supplying them with accomplishments, cognition and apprehension.The construction of the National Curriculum is different to foundation phase. For illustration in the national course of study, it ‘s the determination of schools to take how they want organise their school course of study to include the programmes of survey.â€Å" The programmes of survey ( the Education Act 1996 ) , set out what students should be taught in each topic at each cardinal phase, and supply the footing for be aftering strategies of work. When planning, schools should besides see t he four general instruction demands ( usage of linguistic communication, usage of ICT and wellness and safety and inclusion ) that apply across the programmes of survey † . hypertext transfer protocol: //czone.eastsussex.gov.uk/sites/gtp/library/professional/Documents/induction/The % 20Structure % 20of % 20the % 20National % 20Curriculum.pdf In the national course of study, national makings are the most of import methods of clear uping accomplishments in National Curriculum topics. Most of pupils will hold to stay working at degrees 1-3 in the first cardinal phase and so accomplish degree 2 by the terminal of the cardinal phase, at degrees 2-5 in cardinal phase pupils achieve degree 4 by the terminal and degrees 3-7 at cardinal phase 3, degrees 5/6 will be attained by the shutting phases of the cardinal phase. hypertext transfer protocol: //curriculum.qcda.gov.uk/key-stages-1-and-2/Values-aims-and-purposes/about-the-primary-curriculum/index.aspxIn the national course of study, instructors must do a program of survey and the capablenesss of their pupils. And so they need to describe one time a twelvemonth at the terminal of each cardinal phase to parents to discourse the betterments of pupils.the major difference in foundation phase and the national course of study is that there are tonss of activities that are available for kids in foundation phase, chiefly everything they learn is through activities and drama, for illustration scientific discipline at foundation phase is introduced to kids throughout drama and activities that encourage them what they need physically and what they need to make to detect in order to research the universe around them, this is called cognition and apprehension of the universe. They will besides be encouraged to foretell, do determinations, work out jobs and b elieve. Every spot of activities and drama in foundation phase countries of the national course of study helps kids to develop physically and creatively. However in the national course of study the survey is acquiring harder and instructors are rigorous about survey towards students. The most of import focal point of the foundation phase course of study is to fix pupils for the following degree which is traveling to a primary school by the age of five. It observes the kid as â€Å" active scholars † and â€Å" going a student † . Throughout the early twelvemonth foundation phase the scholar ‘s accomplishment is measured all the manner through formal observations, appraisals and cheque lists. This is called the Foundation Stage Profile. There are no marks of peculiar proving in foundation phase in contrast the national course of study which kids have to be assessed for every topic at the terminal of each cardinal phase in order to see how the kid is come oning. A There are some alterations that occur which kids experience when they leave foundation phase and travel up to identify phase 1. These include distancing from drama to work activities, they will besides travel from thematic to capable activities, and besides they ‘ll see more formal method of instruction.Importance of scientific discipline as a national course of studyThe national course of study promotes the significance of Science to assist kids to derive cognition and apprehension of the universe around them. It is because of scientific discipline that kids find the ground for expected â€Å" phenomenon † that they see in their mundane life. It does hold a monolithic influence on the universe and it besides helps keep the good health of people. Furthermore, Science teaches about cooperation and struggle managing, it helps people in holding strong communicating accomplishments. For case, when giving description on a research, pupils have to utilize appropriate research and communications accomplishments. This afterwards will be functional, as it promotes personal relationships. It ‘s besides throughout scientific discipline that kids gain cognition in relation to covering with conflicting point of position, and besides let go ofing when to collaborate with others and work on their ain. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.truthinscience.org.uk/site/content/view/24/45/ Furthermore, larning about scientific discipline helps them to be more accountable and a more responsible society, this is because they ‘ll larn how to believe crucially and besides they ‘ll hold a better apprehension on how things function in the universe ; hence, they would be able to do appropriate determinations and do a healthier and more unafraid environment.The importance of ICT as a national course of studyThe National Curriculum besides promotes the significance of ICT across the course of study. Information and communications engineering is by and large anything that uses electricity. For illustration: computing machine, picture, Television and etc. Schools have a major duty in developing ICT ability. Numerous facets of ICT are critical for all schools. These are include: the significance of spread outing ICT accomplishments to develop apprehension of the persons and the society as a whole, to be able to administer ideas and work as a squad, the ability to derive accomplishments and cognition throughout a scope of methods and techniques, and besides to do the most usage of ICT to keep instruction and acquisition across the course of study. Presents in all schools Children of the immature age need assorted cognition of ICT if they want to be successful in their future life. The most of import purpose of national course of study by seting ICT along states is to develop kids ‘s accomplishments, cognition and attitudes in association to communications and information engineering. It ‘s besides to promote them to develop their assurance, ego regard and apprehension in utilizing ICT and supply them with quick and researchable entree to great sum of information. Furthermore, to assist them to decide jobs, analyze on their ain and to pass on and collaborate with other people and better their communicating accomplishments. hypertext transfer protocol: //curriculum.qcda.gov.uk/new-primary-curriculum/essentials-for-learning-and-life/ICT-capability/ICT-across-the-curriculum/index.aspxReception programFor the subject of scientific discipline I have done an activity with kids aged 4 to 5 old ages old in response category, to advance their apprehension and cognition of scientific discipline, the World around them and how it works. 6 kids took portion in the activity. The activity was based on mini animals, which is a scientific discipline topic within the foundation phase course of study. Mini beasts include ladybugs, spiders, caterpillars, butterflies, etc. The lesson was in relation to what they eat, where they live and where we can happen them. This activity was based on scientific discipline ; nevertheless it supports kids in developing their apprehension and cognition in other countries of the curriculum as-well such as: maths, art, ICT, communicating and linguistic communication. Mathematicss: I asked kids to number mini animals on the smart board and so I asked them to number how many legs they have. ICT: I used Information Communication Technology to pull up mini animals on the smart board and encouraged kids to come and pull mini animals on the smart board and so compensate their name next to images. Communication: I encouraged kids to discourse what they eat and where they live Art: I asked kids to pull mini animals on a piece of apparent paper and so utilize coloring material pencil to color them in. I feel that the kids learned a batch from this activity as they had n't yet done the scientific discipline course of study ; therefore they have n't got much apprehension and cognition on scientific discipline and the universe around them. I feel that this activity promoted the kids ‘s acquisition and development in the course of study every bit good as promoted their communicating, linguistic communication and usage of ICT. However, some of the kids needed extra support. This activity was really educational for the kids, taking portion in it has supported them in increasing their apprehension.Personal contemplationBy making this lesson I learned how to be after and use activities for the right phase and age of the kids that I will work with. I besides gained cognition of how to collaborate with kids during the activity and how to measure their acquisition. I ‘ve learned how to back up the kids who may necessitate it and how to make resources and put up activities suited for them. This activity besides helped me in deriving assurance and improved my communicating accomplishments. Furthermore, it helped me derive experience of working with kids and admiting them.Key phase 1 lesson programI besides planned another scientific discipline activity for kids age 7 old ages olds within the national course of study. The activity involves natural philosophies which will increase kids ‘s apprehension and cognition of scientific discipline, every bit good as deriving a good apprehension of how conduction and circuitry plants. What I ‘m traveling to make is to learn kids that in order for a circuit to work decently there must be no spread in the circuit so the electricity can blemish. For this lesson the kids will hold an independent pick on which the equipments they can think that would carry on electricity. Harmonizing to national course of study counsel â€Å" Children should be taught that it is of import to roll up grounds by doing observations and measurings when seeking to reply a inquiry. † It is indispensable to educate kids how to look into and research because it helps them to decide jobs and to hold an reply to their ain inquiries. It will besides assist them to work out any jobs that they may confront in the hereafter. For this activity I will take my laptop to the category and demo kids how electricity flows and so I will pull up the circuit on the smart board and explicate to kids that within the plastic coating there is a wire which conducts electricity. I will besides give illustrations of other stuffs that can carry on electricity. The following program which I provided for kids is a computing machine game, so what I am traveling to make is promote kids to take portion in a computing machine game activity. The activity will be to inquire kids to press a button on a keyboard to travel objects, and when they press the button the objects will travel, by making this they will come to cognize that electricity current base on ballss through a wire which causes the object on the screen to travel. This activity will advance kids ‘s communicating as they discuss and ask inquiries such as: why? How? What will go on if? And besides promote them to foretell of what ‘s traveling to go on before they do it. They will besides recognize whether the trial was just or non. By the terminal of the lesson kids will be able to cognize that chiefly metal points conduct electricity. They ‘ll besides derive cognition that largely all electrical conduction is non linked toA coloring material, weight, size and texture.Personal contemplationBy making this activity I will larn how to collaborate with kids and program scientific discipline activity to spread out their apprehension about natural philosophies.I will besides place the demands of the single kid, some possibly will necessitate excess support. Furthermore, in the activity which I planned for kids, I ‘ll demo good apprehension of anti-bias pattern and anti discriminatory.EvaluationI feel that by making this activity for kids I will finish my purposes because kids will hold a good apprehension of electricity and conduction every bit good as they will bask the activity excessively. They will widen their basic apprehension and cognition of the universe around them. They will besides larn which s tuffs can carry on electricity and which can non. They will besides place that even though the electrical conduction is non something to be seen but it ‘s something which is present and needed for every twenty-four hours life.

South African Trevor Noah Gets Daily Show

South African Trevor Noah Gets 'Daily Show' Comedy Central announced that Trevor Noah would take over as host of The Daily Show after Jon Stewart leaves the show in late 2015 or early 2016. Noah, 31, is a South African comedian, actor and writer who had become a recurring guest on Stewart’s show since appearing for the first time in December 2014. Though he’s a bonafide star in South Africa, Noah is little-known in the United States and was a something of a surprising choice to host what has become an iconic and important American TV program. Within 48 hours of the network’s announcement, Noah was already in trouble for tweets he had posted over the years that some claimed were offensive to women, Jews and minorities. Noah’s mother is half Jewish, a black South African, and his father is white and of Swiss-German descent. To reduce my views to a handful of jokes that didn’t land is not a true reflection of my character, nor my evolution as a comedian, he tweeted in response to the criticism. A South African citizen of Noah’s talent will have little trouble landing a work visa from U.S. immigration officials - perhaps a P visa that’s often used for performers, entertainers or professional athletes. Most major league baseball players, for example, come to the United States to on an O-1 or P-1 visa. The O visa is for immigrants who demonstrate â€Å"extraordinary ability† in some field, for example, science, the arts or professional sports. The O visa generally is for all-star caliber athletes. Once he gets set up at Comedy Central, it should be a relatively easy matter for Noah to get a green card and attain legal permanent residency. U.S. immigration officials are ready to give status to foreign nationals with extraordinary talents that will contribute to the U.S. economy, as well as culture and the arts. Prominent South Africans who have come here and ultimately earned their U.S. citizenship include recording star Dave Matthews, Academy Award-winning actress Charlize Theron and inventor/entrepreneur Elon Musk. Other well-known South Africans who live much of their years in the United States include golfer Gary Player, tennis players Cliff Drysdale and Johan Kriek, economist Robert Z. Lawrence, actress Embeth Davidtz and musicians Trevor Rabin and Jonathan Butler. South Africans began migrating to the United States in the late 19th century and today, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, about 82,000 U.S. residents trace their origins to the country at the southern tip of the continent. During the 1980s and 1990s, thousands of South Africans fled to the United States for political reasons, escaping the civil strife in their homeland over apartheid and racial division. Many white South Africans, most notably Afrikaners, emigrated out of fears of what would happen when the inevitable transfer of power to the black population occurred under Nelson Mandela. Most South Africans living in the U.S. today are whites of European heritage. According to U.S. immigration officials, non-immigrant visas are  processed  in  Visa Sections at  three United States  Consulates in South Africa located in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Durban.  U.S. Consulate Johannesburg processes applications for Immigrant Visas to the U.S.  The U.S. Embassy in Pretoria does not provide any visa services. Applicants for visas in the Pretoria area should apply at the U.S. Consulate Johannesburg.

Case Study Anaylses Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anaylses - Case Study Example According to Acer’s Stan Shih, it is a difficult undertaking for Asian corporations to venture into the international market. This is because most Asian nations may not be aware of what is required in order for a corporation to thrive in such settings. There is also the indisputable matter of different cultures and values of the Eastern nations and the more developed Western nations. According to the Taiwanese entrepreneur, it is not unusual for Chinese managers to opt for embracing customs that are more familiar with Westerners in order to penetrate the global market. This, though, is not always beneficial because it leaves the Asian companies at a disadvantage. According to Ming-Jer and Miller (2010) Asian companies also endeavour to use Confucian principles in the workplace. Chinese traditions, according to these researchers, is replete with the importance of generating aspects such as harmony and balance in all spheres in order to benefit from fulfilling relationships with others. This relational aspect, though, is not as well understood in the West as it is in the East. Western corporations are typically less interested in realizing relational objectives in the workforce. The introduction of relational objectives, particularly by Asian corporations seeking to expand further into the global arena, can cause confusion instead of the balance that was expected. According to Ming-Jer and Miller (2010), there are ways in which relational aspects can be used to benefit firms while ensuring that the financial objectives are not compromised. However, any such motives have to be conducted through a gradual process which allows for the workforce of corporations to be able to implement and adjust to the new changes. The inclusion of relational aspects could bring great benefits to a corporation. Short-term thinking will likely be discouraged, for instance, while there will be fewer incidences of destructive competetveness which could adversely

Biofuel production from waste wood - (Product Life Cycle Assessment Coursework

Biofuel production from waste wood - (Product Life Cycle Assessment (PLCA)) - Coursework Example However, wood pellets have drawbacks including requirement for large storage facilities and continuous removal and control of ashes (Chen, 2009, p 2). It is indispensable to comprehend that use of wood pellets as a substitute energy source to fossil fuels remains essential in significant reduction of global warming effects and minimal emissions of green gases. The report aims at understanding the life cycle of wood pellets and its contribution to environmental degradations. In addition, the report provides an assessment of wood pellets life cycle in relation to its human effects. Besides, the fundamental objective of the report is to assist wood pellets producers in communicating with customers. Moreover, the producers would also ensure better environmental management. Life cycle assessment (LCA) relates to an environmental evaluation device that focuses on analyzing environmental impacts associated with use of a process or product within its entire duration or life. The inherent assessment remains achievable through creation of a systematic model that can carry out quantification of energy and materials consumption and calculation of released wastes and emissions (Manyele, 2007, p 142). Such computation of effects occurs of life cycle of the process or product from raw materials extraction, production, transportation, reuse and use phases, and consequent recycling stage. Therefore, there exist four significant steps in performing LCA including last step called interpretation, life cycle impact assessment, inventory analysis, and the first step being goal and scope definition. Assessment of wood pellets life cycle is domineering in quantifying and analyzing its global warming potentials in comparison to fossil fuels. Moreover, the assessment remai ns vital in communicating with customers that constantly uses fuels and more importantly to investigate impacts of the energy on the environment. The diagram below illustrates the

Strategic Management Accounting Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Management Accounting - Coursework Example The group has diversified its business to a vast magnitude in the past few years in various sectors for a successful venture. This particular strength has further helped the company to develop a strong brand and gain an impressive reputation in the market. In the similar context, it can also be argued that the brand reputation of the organisation is creating pressure on its management to preserve its success record and suffice the customers’ demand with consistent performances. Due to massive diversification, the corporate group has also faced few issues with respect to its services and strategic management initiatives. The business has accordingly been using the concept of brand stretching for its various products as well as services. With regard to Fransoko Group, strategic management is an important consideration required for the success of the business. There are various strategic factors that affect the business and its success, such as the management style, financial per formance as well as other relevant aspects, as can be apparently observed from the case reference. Industry rivalry- Fransoko will face intense rivalry from its competitors to enter the new market. To attain the required market share, the company will need to appoint skilled managers to accomplish their objectives. Although the personality of the Chairman deciphers his effective leadership abilities, it shall not be sufficient in meeting the intense rivalry and hence, proper strategic planning will be required. Bargaining Power of the suppliers- Suppliers need to provide resources on regular basis for the company to develop its market worldwide. Quality along with the reliability of the supplier is also deemed as an important issue, which needs to be mitigated by managing the resources effectively. Bargaining Power of the buyers- The bargaining power of the buyer is high in the industry context of Fransoko and therefore, it is

Managing Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Managing Human Resources - Essay Example The most ideal course of action the Chief Human Resource Officer should take is to advice the company to delay and adjust to an elective contribution solely when the committee that oversees the 401k plan and the company as a whole does not contain material nonpublic details (Boudreau, & Ramstad, 2007). In addition, it is not apparent how tasks are distributed between the executive committee of the company and the committee that oversees the 401k plan. Therefore, the most suitable route of action that the chief human resource officer could take would be to forward the concern to both the executive committee of the company and the committee that oversees the 401k plan, to have them cooperatively reach an agreement on how to address the issue. Would doing something about it constitute insider trading? If the Chief Human Resource Officer does something about the situation, it will comprise insider trading. Insider trading refers to the act of selling and buying shares in the stocks of the company by the board of directors, management of the company, or by a holder of over 10% of the shares of the company. Company managers are permitted to trade the stocks of their company on condition that they reveal their pursuit before ten days to the end of the month within the duration the dealings take place. Nevertheless, it is unlawful for company insiders to trade on the basis of their knowledge of material company developments which have not been publicly proclaimed.

Base Multiplier Approach to Money Supply

Base Multiplier Approach to Money Supply Traditionally, it has been shown controversially that money supply is determined using the base multiplier approach. The multiplier model of the money supply, originally developed by Brunner (1961) and Brunner and Meltzer (1964) has become the standard model to explain how the policy actions of the Central Bank influence the money stock  [1]. However, there is more than sufficient evidence to suggest that monetary authorities do not determine the money supply and that the flow of funds approach makes more sense. Consequently, I will compare and contrast the base multiplier and the flow of funds approaches to the determination of money supply and determine which occurs in reality in view of the present economic climate. Under the base multiplier approach, the monetary authority (Bank of England) sets the size of the monetary base, which in turn determines the stock of broad money as a multiple of the base.  [2]  This process is described below: Ms = Cp + Dc (Equation 1) In the equation above, Ms refers to the broad money supply, Cp refers to private sector (excluding banks) notes and coins and Dc refers to bank deposits. The next equation is for the monetary base (B) is as follows: B = Cb + Db + Cp (Equation 2) In Equation 2, Cb refers to banks notes and coins while Db refers to deposits with the Bank of England. Both combined they can be called reserves R and can be substituted into the equation above to form Equation 3. B = R + Cp (Equation 3) The quantity of money can now be expressed as a multiple of the base as follows:  [3]   (Equation 4) The next stage is to divide through by bank deposits to obtain the Equation 5 as follows: If = ÃŽÂ ± and = ÃŽÂ ², then the equation above becomes Equation 6 below: The symbol ÃŽÂ ± is the private sectors cash ratio, while ÃŽÂ ² represents bank reserves. Under the multiplier approach the money supply equation is then obtained by multiplying both sides of the equation with the monetary base B. Therefore, Equation 7 becomes: The rationale behind this is that assuming ÃŽÂ ± and ÃŽÂ ² are fixed or stable, the money supply is a multiple of the monetary base and can change only at the discretion of the authorities since the base consists entirely of central bank liabilities. The Flow of Funds approach says that money supplied is determined by open market operations. It presents the opposite view to the multiplier approach as those in favor believe that other factors determine the supply of money, not monetary authorities or policymakers, it looks at the demand for money not just the supply side. They also believe that banks are able to obtain reserves from central banks as required and are not a constraint. Under this approach credit or loans credit by the private sector create deposits and not the other way round as put forward by the base multiplier approach. The flow of funds model of money supply determination is as follows: Ms = Cp + Dc, the same definition of broad money supply as was used in the base multiplier approach (Equation 8) The next equation focuses on the changes in money supply, i.e: ΆMs = ΆCp + ΆDc (Equation 9) A change in deposit is matched by a corresponding change in loans, which can be further divided into loans to the private sector (Lp) and loans to the UK government (Lg): ΆDp = ΆLoans = ΆLp + ΆLg (Equation 10) Equation 9 could therefore be re-written as Equation 11 as follows: ΆMs = ΆCp + ΆLp + ΆLg The flow of funds approach was developed at a time when the UK government needed to borrow from banks to meet its requirements as issuing bonds was not sufficient. This had stopped being the case for a while, as the UK government was able to meet its requirements solely through the issue of bonds. Consequently, ΆLg can be further broken down to take into effect the monetary implications of the public sector deficit:  [4]   ΆLg = PSNCR ΆCp ΆGp + Άext (Equation 12) PSNCR stands for public sector net cash requirement; ΆGp represents sale of government bonds to the general public and Άext represents the monetary effect of official transactions in foreign exchange by the central bank (and this is equal to zero in a floating exchange rate regime)  [5]   Consequently, by substituting Equation 12 into Equation 11, obtains: ΆMs = ΆCp + ΆLp + PSNCR ΆCp ΆGp + Άext, which becomes Equation 13 as follows: ΆMs = PSNCR ΆGp + Άext + ΆLp Equation 13 shows a link between loan demand and the state of the economy.  [6]  As the total amount of goods and services produced within an economy grows, the demand for credit and a corresponding will also increase to finance the growth according to the flow of funds model. Deposits will also grow to match the increase demand. The differences of opinion between those in favor of the base multiplier approach and the flow of funds approach comes from how they view how money supply is determined. The base multiplier approach believes that money supply is exogenously determined while the flow of fund approach believes it is endogenously determined. Despite the differences, they do agree on the concept of the Quantity Theory of Money (QTM). QTM states that there is a direct relationship between the quantity of money in an economy and the level of prices of goods and services sold.  [7]  Heakal explains that if the amount of money in an economy doubles, price levels also doubles causing inflation. The consumer therefore pays twice as much for the same amount of the good or service.  [8]   The theory is denoted by the Fisher Equation: MV = PT; where M is the money supply, V is the velocity of circulation (i.e. the number of times money changes hands in an economy)  [9]  ; P is the average price level and T the volume of transactions of goods and services. Both approaches agree on the formula but disagree on the assumptions. In the case of the base multiplier approach, Friedman believes that V is constant (http://www.risklatte.com/BraveEconomist/02.php), and T is constant in the short term, while the flow of funds approach believes that V is a variable, with their rationale being that since consumer and businesses spending needs determine the number of times money changes hands in the economy, then V cannot be constant. While there is agreement that there is a direct relationship between the money supply and the level of prices of goods and services sold, the nature of that relationship is disputed. The base multiplier approach goes on the assumption that a change in money supply directly influences price levels and/or a change in supply of goods and services.  [10]  The endogenous argument believes the relationship works the other way round, i.e. that changes in price levels or in supply of goods and services results in changes in the money supply. So instead of the money supply being determined by the monetary authorities as the base multiplier approach believe, the flow of funds approach believe that it is actually interest rates that determine the money supply. Consequently, the role central banks or monetary authorities have played is only to set interest rates and let the commercial banks and consumers do the rest through demand and supply. In reality, it is clear that the endogenous view is more viable. In terms of velocity of circulation, statistical analysis shows that v rises during booms and deregulation and falls during slumps and reregulation  [11]  , therefore, making redundant the argument of people like Friedman that v is constant. Furthermore, the role of the central bank as a lender of last resort makes their ability to control the money supply almost impossible.  [12]  This is because they are guaranteed to provide funds to commercial banks as appropriate. This was seen in numerous instances during the recent global recession. For example, at the start of the economic crisis in 2007, the Chancellor of the Exchequer authorised the Bank of England to provide a liquidity support facility to Northern Rock against appropriate collateral and at an interest rate premium. This liquidity facility will be available to help Northern Rock to fund its operations during the current period of turbulence in financi al markets while Northern Rock works to secure an orderly resolution to its current liquidity problems  [13]. We have seen that the two approaches to money supply determination are influenced by the exogenous and endogenous views. The exogenous view lends credibility to the base multiplier approach and asserts that an external agent monetary authorities or the policymaker determines the supply of money, while the endogenous approach believes this is done through open market operations. The only way the policymaker intervenes, according to endogenous views is by setting interest rates. Thereafter, the commercial banks and their customers take over the process which of demanding and supplying credit which ultimately determines the money supply in an economy. The base multiplier approach will never and has never been used, the flow of funds model is thought of as being a better model for the money supply as it takes account of demand and supply. In reality the endogenous approach of the flow of funds is at work. Contrary to the exogenous approach insinuating that the money supply is independent of interest rates, the endogenous approach believes that the higher the demand for loans the higher the interest rates which encourages banks to lend more. Therefore modern economies recognise that the policymaker sets short-term interest rates and the quantities of money and credit are demand-determined.

Connecting Babylon Revisited, My Life, and the Life of F. Scott Fitzger

      It is no wonder, that when students read literature, some are confused about the meaning of the story or poem, know little, if anything at all, about the author, and have trouble memorizing important points. This is not only because of the limited time allowed, but because the student fails to associate new knowledge with old knowledge. Making a personal connection is important whether the instructor recommends it or not. Attention should be given to both the technical points of the writing and the author's biography. Take, for example, F. Scott Fitzgerald's "Babylon Revisited." At first glance, the story wasn't that hard to understand, so it was a good opportunity to study a piece of 20th century American literature in a deeper way.      "Babylon Revisited" is often credited for being one of Fitzgerald's greatest short stories. As Professor Jackson Bryer states on a web site interview, "[It combines] Fitzgerald's human themes of loss with a background of the social times in which they take place. ...Paris in the Twenties. ...[These aspects] give them a resonance (the personal story played within a larger picture) which many of Fitzgerald's other stories lack" (1). Bryer also feels that "FSF should be remembered and valued most for the 'how' of his fiction rather than the 'what' of it, namely his style is what makes him exceptional, not his subject matter. ...he does have the ability to capture feeling and emotion brilliantly as well. Gatsby's frustration, Charlie Wale's exasperation, ... these are palpably present to readers."    Composed in 1931 and published in 1935, "Babylon Revisited" is "the s... ... in Minnesota: His Homes and Haunts. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1978.    McMichael, George. Anthology of American Literature / Volume II: Realism to the Present. (6th ed.). New Jersey : Prentice Hall, Inc., 1997.    Miller, Larry. "Pioneer Planet Fitzgerald Tour." 1996. http://www.special.pioneerplanet.com/archive/fitzgerald/tour.htm. 21 May 1998.    Murphy, Gary and William C. Slattery. "The Flawed Text of 'Babylon Revisited': A Challenge to Editors, a Warning to Readers." Studies in Short Fiction 18.3(1981):315-318.    Page, Dave and John Koblas. F. Scott Fitzgerald in Minnesota: Toward the Summit. St. Cloud: North Start Press of St. Cloud, 1996.    Shain, Charles E. "F. Scott Fitzgerald." University of Minnesota pamphlets on American Writers 15, 1961.

Overview of Fmcg Sector

An Overview of the FMCG Industry in India chillibreeze writer — Shital Vakhariya Looking for more info Read our more comprehensive report of the same at: India-Reports Read more about Discount Retailing   Ã‚  | | | What are Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG)? Products which have a quick turnover, and relatively low cost are known as Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). FMCG products are those that get replaced within a year.Examples of FMCG generally include a wide range of frequently purchased consumer products such as toiletries, soap, cosmetics, tooth cleaning products, shaving products and detergents, as well as other non-durables such as glassware, bulbs, batteries, paper products, and plastic goods. FMCG may also include pharmaceuticals, consumer electronics, packaged food products, soft drinks, tissue paper, and chocolate bars. A subset of FMCGs are Fast Moving Consumer Electronics which include innovative electronic products such as mobile phones, MP3 players, digital c ameras, GPS Systems and Laptops.These are replaced more frequently than other electronic products. White goods in FMCG refer to household electronic items such as Refrigerators, T. Vs, Music Systems, etc. In 2005, the Rs. 48,000-crore FMCG segment was one of the fast growing industries in India. According to the AC Nielsen India study, the industry grew 5. 3% in value between 2004 and 2005. Indian FMCG Sector | | The Indian FMCG sector is the fourth largest in the economy and has a market size of US$13. 1 billion. Well-established distribution networks, as well as intense competition between the organised and unorganised segments are the characteristics of this sector.FMCG in India has a strong and competitive MNC presence across the entire value chain. It has been predicted that the FMCG market will reach to US$ 33. 4 billion in 2015 from US $ billion 11. 6 in 2003. The middle class and the rural segments of the Indian population are the most promising market for FMCG, and give bra nd makers the opportunity to convert them to branded products. Most of the product categories like jams, toothpaste, skin care, shampoos, etc, in India, have low per capita consumption as well as low penetration level, but the potential for growth is huge.The Indian Economy is surging ahead by leaps and bounds, keeping pace with rapid urbanization, increased literacy levels, and rising per capita income. The big firms are growing bigger and small-time companies are catching up as well. According to the study conducted by AC Nielsen, 62 of the top 100 brands are owned by MNCs, and the balance by Indian companies. Fifteen companies own these 62 brands, and 27 of these are owned by Hindustan Lever. Pepsi is at number three followed by Thums Up. Britannia takes the fifth place, followed by Colgate (6), Nirma (7), Coca-Cola (8) and Parle (9).These are figures the soft drink and cigarette companies have always shied away from revealing. Personal care, cigarettes, and soft drinks are the t hree biggest categories in FMCG. Between them, they account for 35 of the top 100 brands. Exhibit I THE TOP 10 COMPANIES IN FMCG SECTOR S. NO. | Companies| 1. | Hindustan Unilever Ltd. | 2. | ITC (Indian Tobacco Company)| 3. | Nestle India| 4. | GCMMF (AMUL)| 5. | Dabur India| 6. | Asian Paints (India)| 7. | Cadbury India| 8. | Britannia Industries| 9. | Procter & Gamble Hygiene and Health Care| 10. | Marico Industries| Source: Naukrihub. comThe companies mentioned in Exhibit I, are the leaders in their respective sectors. The personal care category has the largest number of brands, i. e. , 21, inclusive of Lux, Lifebuoy, Fair and Lovely, Vicks, and Ponds. There are 11 HLL brands in the 21, aggregating Rs. 3,799 crore or 54% of the personal care category. Cigarettes account for 17% of the top 100 FMCG sales, and just below the personal care category. ITC alone accounts for 60% volume market share and 70% by value of all filter cigarettes in India. The foods category in FMCG is g aining popularity with a swing of launches by HLL, ITC, Godrej, and others.This category has 18 major brands, aggregating Rs. 4,637 crore. Nestle and Amul slug it out in the powders segment. The food category has also seen innovations like softies in ice creams, chapattis by HLL, ready to eat rice by HLL and pizzas by both GCMMF and Godrej Pillsbury. This category seems to have faster development than the stagnating personal care category. Amul, India's largest foods company, has a good presence in the food category with its ice-creams, curd, milk, butter, cheese, and so on. Britannia also ranks in the top 100 FMCG brands, dominates the biscuits category and has launched a series of products at various prices.In the household care category (like mosquito repellents), Godrej and Reckitt are two players. Goodknight from Godrej, is worth above Rs 217 crore, followed by Reckitt's Mortein at Rs 149 crore. In the shampoo category, HLL's Clinic and Sunsilk make it to the top 100, although P;amp;G's Head and Shoulders and Pantene are also trying hard to be positioned on top. Clinic is nearly double the size of Sunsilk. Dabur is among the top five FMCG companies in India and is a herbal specialist. With a turnover of Rs. 19 billion (approx.US$ 420 million) in 2005-2006, Dabur has brands like Dabur Amla, Dabur Chyawanprash, Vatika, Hajmola and Real. Asian Paints is enjoying a formidable presence in the Indian sub-continent, Southeast Asia, Far East, Middle East, South Pacific, Caribbean, Africa and Europe. Asian Paints is India's largest paint company, with a turnover of Rs. 22. 6 billion (around USD 513 million). Forbes Global magazine, USA, ranked Asian Paints among the 200 Best Small Companies in the World Cadbury India is the market leader in the chocolate confectionery market with a 70% market share and is ranked number two in the total food drinks market.Its popular brands include Cadbury's Dairy Milk, 5 Star, Eclairs, and Gems. The Rs. 15. 6 billion (USD 380 Mill ion) Marico is a leading Indian group in consumer products and services in the Global Beauty and Wellness space. Scope Of The Sector| | | The Indian FMCG sector with a market size of US$13. 1 billion is the fourth largest sector in the economy. A well-established distribution network, intense competition between the organized and unorganized segments characterize the sector. FMCG Sector is expected to grow by over 60% by 2010. That will translate into an annual growth of 10% over a 5-year period.It has been estimated that FMCG sector will rise from around Rs 56,500 crores in 2005 to Rs 92,100 crores in 2010. Hair care, household care, male grooming, female hygiene, and the chocolates and confectionery categories are estimated to be the fastest growing segments, says an HSBC report. Though the sector witnessed a slower growth in 2002-2004, it has been able to make a fine recovery since then. | | For example, Hindustan Levers Limited (HLL) has shown a healthy growth in the last quarte r. An estimated double-digit growth over the next few years shows that the good times are likely to continue.Growth Prospects With the presence of 12. 2% of the world population in the villages of India, the Indian rural FMCG market is something no one can overlook. Increased focus on farm sector will boost rural incomes, hence providing better growth prospects to the FMCG companies. Better infrastructure facilities will improve their supply chain. FMCG sector is also likely to benefit from growing demand in the market. Because of the low per capita consumption for almost all the products in the country, FMCG companies have immense possibilities for growth.And if the companies are able to change the mindset of the consumers, i. e. if they are able to take the consumers to branded products and offer new generation products, they would be able to generate higher growth in the near future. It is expected that the rural income will rise in 2007, boosting purchasing power in the countrys ide. However, the demand in urban areas would be the key growth driver over the long term. Also, increase in the urban population, along with increase in income levels and the availability of new categories, would help the urban areas maintain their position in terms of consumption.At present, urban India accounts for 66% of total FMCG consumption, with rural India accounting for the remaining 34%. However, rural India accounts for more than 40% consumption in major FMCG categories such as personal care, fabric care, and hot beverages. In urban areas, home and personal care category, including skin care, household care and feminine hygiene, will keep growing at relatively attractive rates. Within the foods segment, it is estimated that processed foods, bakery, and dairy are long-term growth categories in both rural and urban areas. Indian Competitiveness and Comparison with the World MarketsThe following factors make India a competitive player in FMCG sector:? Availability of raw ma terials Because of the diverse agro-climatic conditions in India, there is a large raw material base suitable for food processing industries. India is the largest producer of livestock, milk, sugarcane, coconut, spices and cashew and is the second largest producer of rice, wheat and fruits &vegetables. India also produces caustic soda and soda ash, which are required for the production of soaps and detergents. The availability of these raw materials gives India the location advantage. Labor cost comparison Low cost labor gives India a competitive advantage. India's labor cost is amongst the lowest in the world, after China ;amp; Indonesia. Low labor costs give the advantage of low cost of production. Many MNC's have established their plants in India to outsource for domestic and export markets. ? Presence across value chain Indian companies have their presence across the value chain of FMCG sector, right from the supply of raw materials to packaged goods in the food-processing s ector. This brings India a more cost competitive advantage.For example, Amul supplies milk as well as dairy products like cheese, butter, etc. | Strategic Intent We intend to significantly accelerate profitable growth. To do this, we will: * Focus on growing our core brands across categories, reaching out to new geographies, within and outside India, and improve operational efficiencies by leveraging technology * Be the preferred company to meet the health and personal grooming needs of our target consumers with safe, efficacious, natural solutions by synthesizing our deep knowledge of ayurveda and herbs with modern science * Provide our consumers with innovative products ithin easy reach * Build a platform to enable Dabur to become a global ayurvedic leader * Be a professionally managed employer of choice, attracting, developing and retaining quality personnel * Be responsible citizens with a commitment to environmental protection * Provide superior returns, relative to our peer gr oup, to our shareholders * Dabur India Limited | * Dabur India Limited is India's leading FMCG company with interests in health care, personal care and foods. Dabur has a history of more than 100 years and the company has carved a niche for it self in the field of Ayurvedic medicines.The products of Dabur are marketed in more than 50 countries worldwide. The company has 2 major strategic business units (SBU) – Consumer Care Division (CCD) ;amp; Consumer Health Division (CHD), and 3 Subsidiary Group companies – Dabur Foods, Dabur Nepal and Dabur International. Dabur International has 3 step down subsidiaries – Asian Consumer Care in Bangladesh, African Consumer Care in Nigeria and Dabur Egypt. The origin of Dabur can be traced back to 1884 when Dr. S. K. Burman started a health care products manufacturing facility in a small Calcutta pharmacy.In 1896, as a result of growing popularity of Dabur products, Dr. Burman set up a manufacturing plant for mass production of formulations. In early 1900s, Dabur entered the specialized area of nature based Ayurvedic medicines. In 1919, Dabur established research laboratories to develop scientific processes and quality checks. In 1936, Dabur became a full-fledged company with the name Dabur India (Dr. S. K. Burman) Pvt Ltd. Dabur shifted its operations to Delhi in 1972. Dabur became a Public Limited Company in 1986 and Dabur India Limited came into existence after reverse merger with Vidogum Limited.In 1992, Dabur entered into a joint venture with Agrolimen of Spain to manufacture and market confectionary items in India. In 1994, Dabur raised its first IPO. In 1998, day to day running of the company was handed over to professionals. In 2000, Dabur achieved a turnover of Rs 1000 crores. In 2005, Dabur acquired Balsara. Dabur crossed $ 2 billion market cap in 2006. Some of the well-known brands of Dabur are: Amla Chyawanprash, Hajmola, Lal Dantmanjan, Nature Care, Pudin Hara, Babool Toothpaste, Hingoli, D abur Honey, Lemoneez, Meswak, Odonil, Real, RealActiv and Vatika.